Solar energy technology has made impressive strides over the last decade, and one of the most efficient ways to harness solar power is through tracking ground-mounted solar systems. These systems use solar panels that are mounted on tracking mechanisms, allowing them to follow the sun’s path throughout the day. This unique ability to adjust the angle of the panels makes tracking systems one of the most effective options for maximizing energy generation.
In this blog, we’ll explore what tracking ground-mounted systems are, how they work, their benefits, and important considerations when deciding if this system is right for your energy needs.
What is a Tracking Ground-Mounted Solar System?
A tracking ground-mounted solar system is a solar array that is installed on the ground, using a tracking mechanism to adjust the angle of the solar panels to follow the sun’s movement across the sky. Unlike fixed-tilt systems, which have panels set at a fixed angle, tracking systems optimize the tilt and orientation of the panels to capture the most sunlight possible throughout the day.
There are two primary types of tracking systems:
Single-Axis Tracking: In this setup, the panels rotate on one axis (usually east to west) to follow the sun’s path. This allows the panels to stay perpendicular to the sun’s rays for most of the day, increasing their efficiency.
Dual-Axis Tracking: These systems can adjust the panels both horizontally and vertically. They follow the sun more precisely, changing the tilt and azimuth to maintain an optimal angle throughout the day and year. While this system offers the highest energy yield, it’s also more complex and expensive than single-axis tracking.
How Does a Tracking Ground-Mounted System Work?
Tracking systems use motors and sensors to adjust the angle of solar panels throughout the day. The tracking system works by following the sun’s natural movement from east to west during the day, and for dual-axis trackers, it also adjusts to the seasonal changes in the sun’s height in the sky.
Here’s a basic breakdown of how it works:
Sensors and Motors: Tracking systems are equipped with sensors that detect the position of the sun. The motors then adjust the panels accordingly to keep them facing the sun at the optimal angle.
Tilt Adjustment: In single-axis systems, the panels tilt on a horizontal axis (east to west) and follow the sun’s path from sunrise to sunset. In dual-axis systems, the panels can tilt both vertically and horizontally to track the sun’s position more precisely.
Ground Mounting: As the name suggests, these systems are mounted on the ground, often in open areas where space is available. The mounting structure is typically robust, designed to withstand weather conditions such as wind, rain, and snow.
Power Conversion: Just like other solar systems, tracking systems generate DC (direct current) electricity, which is then converted to AC (alternating current) by an inverter for use in the electrical grid or a private energy system.
Advantages of Tracking Ground-Mounted Solar Systems
The primary reason people opt for tracking systems is their ability to produce more energy compared to fixed-tilt solar systems. However, there are several additional benefits:
1. Higher Energy Production
Tracking systems can significantly increase the amount of energy generated by the solar panels. Studies show that single-axis trackers can improve energy output by 25-35%, while dual-axis trackers can boost production by up to 40% or more compared to fixed systems. By keeping the panels facing the sun throughout the day, tracking systems capture more sunlight, making them a more efficient choice, particularly in large-scale installations.
2. Improved Efficiency with Seasonal Adjustments
Unlike fixed tilt systems, which maintain the same angle year-round, tracking systems can adjust to seasonal variations in the sun’s position. For instance, during the winter months, the sun is lower in the sky, so tracking systems can adjust to maintain an optimal angle for energy capture.
3. Better Performance in Cloudy or Low-Light Conditions
Some studies suggest that tracking systems can perform better in cloudy or diffused light conditions. Because they follow the sun throughout the day, they can optimize the amount of sunlight they receive, even when the skies are not completely clear.
4. Increased Energy Yield in High-Energy Demand Periods
For commercial and utility-scale installations, tracking systems are especially beneficial during peak sunlight hours (late morning to early afternoon), when energy demand is at its highest. The ability to maximize energy production during these times can be economically advantageous.
5. Space Efficiency for Large-Scale Installations
Tracking systems are often used in utility-scale solar farms, where space is available. By using tracking technology, fewer panels are needed to generate the same amount of energy as a fixed-tilt system, making them more space-efficient.
Disadvantages of Tracking Ground-Mounted Solar Systems
While tracking systems offer great energy yield advantages, they also have some drawbacks. It’s important to weigh these against the benefits:
1. Higher Initial Cost
Tracking systems are more expensive to install than fixed-tilt systems. The additional cost comes from the motors, sensors, and more complex mounting structures required for tracking. For smaller residential systems, this higher upfront cost may not justify the extra energy production.
2. Increased Maintenance
Because tracking systems involve moving parts, they require more maintenance than fixed systems. The motors and tracking mechanisms may require regular inspections to ensure they are functioning properly. This can lead to additional operational costs, particularly in large-scale installations.
3. Complexity in Installation
The installation of tracking systems can be more complex and time-consuming than fixed systems. Installing motors, sensors, and the tracking mechanisms requires specialized knowledge and equipment, which can increase both the labor and material costs.
4. Vulnerability to Extreme Weather
The tracking components, especially in dual-axis systems, can be more vulnerable to extreme weather conditions. High winds, heavy snow, and hailstorms could damage or disrupt the movement of the panels. However, many systems are designed to return to a safe position (e.g., flat) during adverse weather conditions to minimize the risk.
5. Space Requirements
While tracking systems are space-efficient in terms of energy production, they still require a larger physical area for installation compared to fixed systems. The panels need to move throughout the day, meaning there must be sufficient clearance between rows to avoid shading each other.
Considerations When Installing a Tracking Ground-Mounted System
If you’re considering a tracking ground-mounted solar system, here are a few factors to consider:
Available Space: Tracking systems require more space than fixed systems, so ensure you have enough land area for installation, especially for larger-scale projects.
Local Climate and Weather: If you live in an area with extreme weather conditions, such as high winds, snow, or heavy rain, you may need to invest in more durable tracking systems or consider whether the extra energy generation justifies the potential risks.
Budget: The higher upfront cost of tracking systems should be weighed against the long-term benefits of greater energy production. In large-scale projects, the increased energy output can provide a strong return on investment over time.
Maintenance and Monitoring: With moving parts involved, regular maintenance and monitoring are essential to ensure the system operates efficiently. It’s important to factor these ongoing costs into your budget.
Energy Goals: Consider your specific energy goals. For commercial and utility-scale projects where maximizing energy generation is critical, tracking systems are often a smart choice. For smaller residential applications, however, the additional cost may not be justified unless you have ample space and high energy demands.
Conclusion
Tracking ground-mounted solar systems represent one of the most efficient ways to capture solar energy, particularly for large-scale commercial and utility projects. By optimizing the angle of solar panels to follow the sun, these systems increase energy production significantly compared to traditional fixed-tilt systems. While they come with higher initial costs, maintenance requirements, and potential space concerns, their ability to deliver superior energy yield can make them an attractive choice for many.
When deciding whether a tracking solar system is the right fit for your project, consider your budget, available space, and long-term energy goals. If you’re looking for maximum efficiency and are willing to make the investment, a tracking ground-mounted solar system could provide significant long-term benefits.